It seems that the tiny little bugs responsible for eradicating millions of acres of forest throughout North America don't have a taste for tea, or at least a chemical commonly found in it. Research released this month by the National Forest Service suggests that a pheromone used in herbal tea may curtail the mountain pine beetle's rampage on lodgepole pines.
Naturally occurring in rosemary and walnut husks, verbenone is often added to herbal tea because of its enticing aroma, yet when sprinkled amongst a forest of pines, scientists observed a marked decrease in the occurrence of pine beetle infestations. The chemical, however, is not only produced by herbs and nuts, mountain pine beetles naturally emit the pheromone as an indicator to their comrades that there is no vacancy in an infested tree and they should seek food and lodging elsewhere. While scientists have known how verbenone affects pine beetle behavior for about a decade, they have been unable to administer the chemical in an effective and economical manner, until now.
a scene that may be ancient history if the pine beetles have their way
According to the study, a beta formulation of verbenone-emitting flakes was dropped by helicopter on pine forests in California and Idaho in an attempt to emulate the beetle's natural disbursement patterns. Previously, the practice had been to manually distribute packets of the pheromone among trees, which proved to be tedious and only moderately effective. Areas treated by helicopter saw a two-thirds reduction in infested trees when compared to control plots containing similar beetle populations. While the experiment was performed on relatively small areas of moderate infestation, Nancy Gillette, an author of the report, hypothesizes that the flake disbursement technique could be applied on a large scale to mitigate the pine beetle epidemic.
As a resident of Colorado, the pine beetle plague is a clear and present reality. Mountainsides that were pine green just a couple years ago have rusted to a burnt orange, a telltale sign of a pine beetle infestation. Rumors swirl that all of the pine trees in Colorado will be gone in ten years, and I have begun to believe them. As I wander through the Rocky Mountains, I try to imagine the coniferous landscape treeless and barren, and find that at a rapidly increasing rate, I don't have to imagine; the trees are disappearing. While the pine beetles are blamed for the devastation, climate change is the true culprit. Temperatures are no longer dropping low enough in the winter to kill the beetles, so their populations continue to expand. As the trees die, carbon levels increase, and temperatures continue to rise.
As I write this article, on the fifth morning of February, Denver is preparing for yet another 65 degree day. But this study brings me hope! Not only that the pine beetles' reign of terror may be coming to an end but that they may be squelched without the use of harmful insecticides. I find it refreshing to see government funds being allocated to investigate natural remedies for our environmental crises, because sometimes, all mother nature needs to feel better is a warm cup of tea... Okay, that may be a stretch, but you can find out more about the study at Bio-Medicine.Org or you can purchase a copy of the published research here.
Find out what the EPA has to say about verbenone here
Read 'How the Pine Beetle is Destroying Colorado Forests' at Newsweek.com
image of pine beetle from www.treecanada.ca/
all other images provided courtesy of Alissa Wilson Williams
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I do not deny that the world is warming up, but to blame the beetles on warming, that is a stretch. the beetles have an old age lodgepole forest to trim, there job is to cause the forest to reproduce if fire doesn’t do the job. They generally work in a mosac pattern instead of landscape wide. Fire has been suppressed by man. Trees have a right to die, we seem to think not. But is the enormous amount of dead trees adding to warming, Now that is a good question.
the story in ponderosa pines is a far different one. the common thread is lack of fire, trees to closely spaced. these are unhealth trees, the beetles are just doing what comes naturally.
Theresa,
I don’t believe that I pinned global warming on the pine beetle. If that is what you took away from this post, I apologize. I actually attributed climate change to the flourishing beetle populations; winter temperatures are not dropping low enough for long enough to kill off the beetles and their larvae like they used to. Additionally, warmer temperatures are allowing the critters to infiltrate areas that were previously too cold for them to inhabit.
As you said, our inability as humans to say ‘burn baby burn’ when it comes to our forests, has supplied the beetles with an all-they-can-eat buffet of mature pines. This, and other factors, are acknowledged in the articles I linked to in the post.
The intent of my story was to showcase the innovative application of a naturally-occurring pheromone, my commentary on the beetle epidemic in Colorado was intended to briefly inform readers unfamiliar with the plight of the severity of the situation.
That being said, you may find these scientific papers to be of some interest:
Mountain Pine Beetle and Forest Carbon Feedback to Climate Change
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7190/abs/nature06777.html
Climate Change Induced Invasions by Native and Exotic Pests
http://www.usu.edu/beetle/documents/Logan06_Abstract.pdf
[...] change, according to one author, who explains that – in Colorado, as elsewhere across the West – winter temperatures no longer drop low enough to kill the beetles or their eggs. As an example, she cites daytime [...]